What is Ubuntu?
Ubuntu is a powerful, user-friendly operating system based on Linux. It’s designed to work smoothly on computers, smartphones, and servers. The system is developed by a UK-based company called Canonical Ltd.
Ubuntu is built entirely on the principles of open-source software, which means anyone can use, modify, and share it freely. This makes Ubuntu one of the most popular choices for individuals, students, and professionals around the world.
Top Features of Ubuntu
Ubuntu offers everything a normal computer user needs. Some of its most useful features include:
- 💻 Wide Software Support: You can use popular apps like Firefox, Chrome, VLC, and more, just like in Windows.
- 🧾 Office Suite: Comes with LibreOffice, a free alternative to Microsoft Office.
- 📧 Email Made Easy: The built-in Thunderbird app helps you manage Gmail, Hotmail, and other email accounts easily.
- 🖼️ Photo & Video Tools: Offers free applications to view, edit, and share photos and videos.
- 🔍 Smart Search: Quickly find files, settings, and content using Ubuntu’s powerful search feature.
- 💰 Completely Free: Ubuntu is totally free to download and use, supported by a large and active open-source community.
Ubuntu Release Cycle
Ubuntu follows a regular release schedule — two versions every year:
- April Release: Stable version (ideal for long-term use)
- October Release: Experimental version (includes new features)
The version number shows the release year and month.
For example:
- Ubuntu 14.04 → Released in April 2014
- Ubuntu 16.04 → Released in April 2016
You can get more information and download links from the official Ubuntu website: https://www.ubuntu.com
Popular Ubuntu Flavors
Ubuntu comes in several versions, known as flavors, to suit different needs:
🖥️ Ubuntu Desktop
Perfect for regular users. It includes everything you need — web browsing, email, office tools, and multimedia support.
Latest version: 16.04.01 (as of September 2016)
🌐 Ubuntu Server
Ideal for running web servers, databases, and cloud services.
It supports platforms like AWS and Microsoft Azure and gets updates for 5 years.
Latest version: 16.04.1
💫 Kubuntu
Kubuntu is similar to Ubuntu but uses the KDE Plasma desktop instead of Unity. It offers a modern and stylish look while keeping the same features and software support.
Official site: https://www.kubuntu.org
🌿 Linux Mint
Based on Ubuntu, Linux Mint focuses on simplicity and multimedia. It comes pre-installed with several apps for photos, videos, and music.
Official site: https://www.linuxmint.com
System Requirements for Ubuntu
Before installing Ubuntu, make sure your computer meets these basic requirements:
| Component | Minimum Requirement |
|---|---|
| Memory (RAM) | 2 GB or more |
| Disk Space | 25 GB free space |
| Processor | 2 GHz Dual-Core or higher |
| Other | DVD/USB drive for installation and an internet connection for updates |
How to Download Ubuntu
- Go to the official download page: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
- You can also find older versions by clicking on “Alternative downloads and torrents.”
- Visit the Past Releases section to view all previous Ubuntu versions.
Installing Ubuntu (Step-by-Step Guide)
Once you’ve downloaded the Ubuntu ISO file, create a bootable USB drive or DVD and follow these steps:
Step 1:
Boot from the installer and select “Install Ubuntu.” You can also choose “Try Ubuntu” to explore it without installing.
Step 2:
Choose to install third-party software and download updates during installation. Click Continue.
Step 3:
Decide how to install Ubuntu:
- Erase the disk and install Ubuntu (clean installation)
- Install alongside another OS (dual boot)
- Encrypt your installation (for data protection)
- Use LVM (for flexible disk management)
Select your preferred option and click Install Now.
Step 4:
Confirm disk changes and click Continue.
Step 5:
Choose your location and click Continue.
Step 6:
Select your language and keyboard layout (e.g., English UK).
Step 7:
Enter your username, computer name, and password, then click Continue.
Ubuntu will now start installing. Once done, you’ll be prompted to Restart Now.
Step 8:
After restarting, log in with your username and password — and that’s it!
Your Ubuntu desktop is ready to use.
Exploring the Ubuntu Desktop
Once you log in, here’s what you’ll see:
🧭 Control Panel
Located on the left side — gives quick access to apps like Firefox, LibreOffice, and the Software Center.
📂 Menu Bar
Appears at the top of the screen for each application. It contains options like File, Edit, View, etc.
⚙️ Taskbar
Found on the right-hand side. It shows volume, network, language, battery, and system notifications.
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